What type of evidence is the observation of a firewall configuration?

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The observation of a firewall configuration is classified as technical evidence because it directly pertains to the specifics of the information security controls in place. Technical evidence reflects the actual settings, configurations, and operational status of a technical system—in this case, the firewall. It allows an auditor to verify that the firewall is configured according to security policies and compliance requirements, providing tangible proof of the security measures implemented.

This type of evidence is crucial during an audit because it provides a clear view of operational effectiveness and can reveal vulnerabilities or misconfigurations that could lead to security breaches. In contrast, analytical, mathematical, or historical types of evidence would not provide the same level of detail regarding the current state of specific technical assets like a firewall. Analytical evidence focuses more on data interpretation and patterns, mathematical evidence involves numerical data or calculations, and historical evidence generally relates to past occurrences or records rather than current configurations.

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